Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS

Lavrentyev Ave. 1, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Phone: 7(383-2) 34-20-50, 7(383-2) 34-34-80, Fax: 7(383-2) 34-34-80
E-mail: aleks@itp.nsc.ru
Internet: http://www.itp.nsc.ru/eng/default.htm

Gamma-densitometer GP-2; Gamma-densitometer P-1; Isoperibolic drop calorimeter.
Vacuum Gas-dynamic Complex (VGC).
Thermohydrodynamic complex of the Institute of Thermophysics.
  Gamma-densitometer GP-2; Gamma-densitometer P-1; Isoperibolic drop calorimeter
Research facility: The installations for the measurements of thermophysical properties at high temperatures: Gamma-densitometer GP-2; Gamma-densitometer P-1; Isoperibolic drop calorimeter

Brief description:
Gamma-densitometers P-1 and GP-2. The technique of investigation is based on the measurements of attenuation of gamma radiation intensity in the sample. Purpose: measurements of thermal properties of solids and melts at high temperatures; investigations of the thermodynamics and kinetics of solid-solid, solid-liquid, and liquid-liquid phase transitions (polymorphic transformations, melting-crystallisation, and two-melt phase separation including the determining of the form of separation curve); investigation of the processes of sintering in powder materials as well as dissolving and segregation of the components in multi- component melts.
Measurement parameters: density and thermal expansion coefficients of solids and melts; the temperatures of phase transitions (melting, structural transformations, liquidus, solidus, eutectic etc.); density gradients in solid and liquid phases; volume changes on polymorphic transitions and melting-crystallisation. Characteristics: gamma-source: caesium-137; temperature range: 293:2500 K; atmosphere: vacuum (up to 0.1 cPa), argon, helium (up to 1 MPa): three separate heaters; a possibility of sample displacement at high temperatures; the error of the density measurement at 2000 K does not exceed 0.3-0.5 %. Uniqueness: It seems likely that the analogues are not available in EU countries. Isoperibolic drop calorimeter. Purpose: measurements of caloric properties of solids and melts at high temperatures.
Measurement parameters: enthalpy, heat capacity, temperatures of phase transitions, enthalpy changes on crystallisation and structural transformations. Characteristics: temperature range: 450:2500 K; atmosphere: vacuum, argon, helium; three separate heaters; a possibility of insertion of ampoules with a sample into the furnace at high temperatures; the error of enthalpy measurement at 2000 K does not exceed 0.3-0.5%.
Uniqueness: On a number of the characteristics (maximal temperature, speed of response) this installation outperforms most of known analogues.
Conditions: the installations are ready to the performance of joint research and training.

  Vacuum Gas-dynamic Complex (VGC).

Vacuum Gas-dynamic Complex (VGC).
The VGC is disposed in the building of Institute of Thermophysics.
The VGC joins two large-scale installations VICING and VICA.
  1. VICING - Cryogenic Vacuum Plant for Gas-Dynamic Researches - is designed for investigations on thermo-gas-dynamics of spaceships and orbital stations, and for physical phenomenon investigations in supersonic flows of rarefied gas. VICING is equipped with a five-component traverse gear, cryogenic evacuation system and electron-beam diagnostic complex.
    Working volume of its vacuum chamber is 150sm3, limiting vacuum is 10-3 Pa. The combination of a very large working volume of the unit, cryogenic pumping out and diagnostic complex creates unique possibilities for the investigations in stationary and pulsed modes. The equipment of diagnostic complex makes possible the measuring of pressure, density and gas velocity, it allows to visualise and define the flow structure. The most like analogue of VICING is DLR - High Vacuum Test Facility STG (Germany).
    On this plant the cycle of researches has been performed on gas-dynamics of supersonic jet flows in the regimes from free-molecular to continuous including turbulent. Essential influence of non-equilibrium processes was established (homogeneous condensation and vibrational relaxation) on flow structure and its boundaries. The such gases as Ar, Kr, CO and vapours H2O were used with various sonic and supersonic nozzles.
    On the basis of conducted investigations, approximating models of free supersonic jets have been constructed, and an integral simulation method of full-scale jets of space vehicle engines have been suggested according to the main flow parameters.
  2. VICA - Vacuum Impulse Chamber - is intended for investigations of the processes of interaction between the impulse laser radiation with solid surface. Its volume is 40 m3. Working range of pressures 105 - 10 -3 Pa. This chamber is equipped with a powerful laser system with l = 1.06 mm, t = 3.10-4, 3.10-6 and 3.10-8 s, energy of an impulse up to 1 kJ. VICA is supplied with 4 a five- component coordinate mechanisms, the pumping system, and the diagnostic complex, including electron-beam X-ray impulse diagnostic and measurement of heat-mechanical and optical parameters of laser interaction with solid surface. Complex experimental data on interaction between the impulse laser radiation and the solid surface have been obtained. Power balance of this interaction has been obtained. The gas-dynamic model of the erosion torch has been worked out. On this basis, the efficiency of the laser-reactive method of orbital debris cleaning and spacecraft protection have been calculated.

Partners: Laboratory of Aerothermique CNRS, Meudon, France.
ONERA, Chalais-Meudon, France; ONERA, Palaiseau, France
Institute for Fluid Mechanics, Gottingen, Germany.

  Thermohydrodynamic complex of the Institute of Thermophysics

A large Thermohydrodynamic complex included a few units, the main ones are:
  1. Subsonic and supersonic speed aerodynamic tube:
    - working channel dimensions: 0.2*0.2*1.0 m;
    - Mach number M = 0 - 5;
    - Rate G = 10 m3/c, with a bracing pressure of P = 2.5 MPa:
    - Air temperature: 500 K; heater power N = 2.5 MW
  2. Large hydrodynamic tube:
    - working channel dimensions: 0.25*0.8*4.0 m;
    - velocity range 0 - 6 m/c, engine power 25 KW;
    - working liquid: water, electrolyte;
  3. Unit Complex 'Burnen Modelling' consists of a hydraulic model and experiment - industrial boiler.
  4. HIT Tube for gas-steam-liquid media:
    - channel diameter: 25 - 55 mm;
    - maximum static pressure: 5 MPa;
    - maximum impulse pressure: 60 MPa;
    - maximum media temperature: 450 K;
    - working liquids: water, freon 11, 12, 113.
  5. Equipment sets for exploring the homogeneous and heterogeneous combustion:
    - temperature range: 1000-3000 K;
    - velocity range 3 - 200 m/c;
    - working media: oxidant, oxygen, air, inert gas mixtures;
    - fuel: hydrogen, natural gas, ethanol, different types of graphite.
Thermogasdynamic complex of the Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS makes possible the completion of fundamental and applied research for the whole range of regime parameters (e.g., rate level, temperature, heat and mass transfer), which is usual for present-day power technological equipment in different branches of the industry.
The main advantage of such complex equipment with modern diagnostic techniques and a high-level of automatisation is that enable to measure: thin turbulent flow structure; heat and mass transfer; shock wave. The instruments are: Doppler's laser anemometry; electrodiffusion and thermoanemometric diagnostics, CARS - spectrometration, stroboscopic visualisation and interpherometry, etc. We are now working on the study of fundamental mechanisms of heat and mass transfer in the breaking flow with high turbulence, in porous medium and 'fill- ups', near-wall jet flow and the burning front flow. We are researching the diffusion of shock waves for two- and three-phase media, and with different flow regimes - with bubbles and plug. We also investigate turbulent characteristics of vortex flows and mixing, and experimental industrial burning process of low- calorie fuel.
The technology could also provide an exploration of aerohydrodynamics and heat mass transfer of different complex elements of power engineering machines and apparatus, heat transfer equipment, and mixing and burning processes. This research work might be scientific and it might have applications to some industries (e.g., aircraft, space, heat and nuclear power engineering, chemistry, agriculture and food industry, and ecology).

Partners France (aircraft and space company, ONERA)
Italy (University La Sapience, Roma)
Norway, Germany, Belgium