International Union for Circumpolar Health Ministry of Public Health and Social Development of RF Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Medical Polar Fund “Science” The Northern Forum

Abstracts

Ecology and adaptation (medical ecology)

Theoretical preconditions. The concept of adaptation gets more and more generalized and universal character, acquiring new holistic senses. Having arisen as the tool of describing the interaction between an organism and environment in the form of adaptation process of alive substance to external factors, the concept of adaptation is useful now for studying a person, a generality of people in their biological, psychological and social integrity. Adaptable resources of mankind are of primary significance for survival of Homo sapiens, determining also prospects of development of mankind. The role of adaptation grows in connection with increased pressure upon people due to the transformed environment in the form of globalization, extreme factors, technogenic changes of biosphere. Globalization stimulates migration. The growing number of natural, technogenic accidents, social risks, fast rates of anthropogenic change of biosphere generate extreme conditions of vital activity. The urbanization results in the social - psychological and ecologically caused stress for adaptable mechanisms of the townspeople. Studying processes of adaptation is especially relevant in view of serious demographic and medical problems of public health in Russia. Extreme conditions of vital activity on the territory of Russia requires taking into account heterogeneity of the population concerning bio-psycho-social adaptable reserves.

Methods of research. Complex research of biochemical, hormonal, psycho-physiological parameters of the population samples in Norilsk and the mega-city of Novosibirsk, including healthy males and females aged 18-60 has been carried out. In Novosibirsk 1975 donors were examined; in Norilsk 679 arrivals with the terms of residing from 1 till 25 years were surveyed. The levels of ACTH, КОР, IRI hormones were revealed by radioimmunoassay techniques; parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and lipid exchange were determined by the standard biochemical methods; asymmetry of hemispheres was studied by the methods of rheoencephalography, testing individuals and functional tests.

Results. The leading part in adaptive changes of an organism belongs to the brain activating the hormonal mechanisms for adaptive changes of the body functional systems. Under the influence of a complex of extreme environmental conditions the brain adapts first providing adaptive changes of an organism, mentality and social - labour functions according to the new conditions of vital activity.. Complexity and variety of individual reactions of the human neuro-psychic sphere made it difficult to study the laws of participation of a brain in adaptation. We revealed the types of adaptive reaction of CNS and the human brain to the extreme conditions determined by functional asymmetry of hemispheres of the human brain. The level of activity and adaptable reserves of the right hemisphere play the leading part during the organization of intersystem interaction in case of adaptation. The combination of climatic and technogenic factors effects hormonal mechanisms resulting in the greater increase of functional activity of subthalamic-pituitary-adrenal systems.

Conclusions. Population heterogeneity of adaptable opportunities of people is shown depending on the sex factor. Stability of the female organism and mentality depends on the evident functional activity of the right hemisphere of the brain producing regulatory influence on diencephalic area and hormonal regulation, optimizing intersystem interactions in case of adaptation. The males have high social activity, but lower adaptive potential to a complex of climatic, technogenic and social factors owing to a prevalence of activity of the left hemisphere that is not capable to adjust intersystem interactions in case of adaptation effectively.

Note. Abstracts are published in author's edition

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Last update: 06-Jul-2012 (11:52:05)