Информационная система "Конференции"

Abstracts

The development of scientifically proved, modern information and legal methods to regulate the rational nature management of water object “Lake Baikal” can be the most effective only if taking into account all modern scientific knowledge concerning the state and evolution of the geological environment. However, physical and chemical direction has been missed as the problem connected with system “Lake Baikal - environment” has not been investigated so far. There is a lack in understanding of many problems concerning the interaction in this system and in particular the geological results of this interaction. The interaction of water of Lake Baikal and flows is the problem, which should be resolved by scientists. It is possible to resolve this problem as a great number of empirical material has been already collected. However, these data have not been summarized and considered. Computer modeling of physical and chemical processes and the chemical interactions occurring between natural water, atmosphere and rocks is one of the basic methods of modern theoretical geochemistry. This method was established in 60-70 of the last century by R.Garrels, G.Helgeson, I.K.Karpov, B.N.Ryzhenko and some other researchers. Hence, the purpose of our researches is to develop an approach towards studying physical and chemical processes in water of Lake Baikal. In this connection the following problems have been posed: 1) to define objects of observations: within the investigated water body “Lake Baikal” to establish geographical borders of reservoirs i.e. ecological zones differing by physical and chemical conditions (properties) - temperature, pressure, chemical composition, exchanging flows of substance and preserved stable physical and chemical characteristics in time; 2) to create water balance model of all flows and systems of the megasystem “Lake Baikal”; 3) to create information model for objects of research: to establish natural background of systems and flows within the megasystem "Lake Baikal" for time interval preceding to an active anthropogenous load - to create long-term average databases for concentrations (in mg/l and mol/kg) of major, trace and biogenic elements and organic substance (Na +, K +, Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Al, Si, Mn2 +, Feобщ, SO42 - HCO3 - Cl - NO3 - PO43 - H +, O2, As, B, Cr, Cu, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sr, Zn, Co, U, V, Br, Rb, Mo, Corg, Norg, Porg, Sorg, CO2, Ti) in systems and flows of multi-reservoir system “Lake Baikal”; 4) to calculate chemical balances of all reservoirs and flows of the megasystem “Lake Baikal”; to create databases of quantity of substance in systems and flows in g/year and mol/year.

These problems have been solved by us. The developed geochemical model of multi-reservoir system “Lake Baikal” allowed creating scientifically proved system of monitoring: to give estimations of actual and predicted conditions of the multi-reservoir system “ Lake Baikal” in case of the anthropogenous load using the estimation of the interaction in the megasystem “Lake Baikal - environment” .

Note. Abstracts are published in author's edition

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