Информационная система "Конференции"

Abstracts

Pollution of the environment by products of technogenic activity and first of all pollution of water is the most urgent problem at present. This is a consequence of unconscious violation of the natural system “water - rock- gas - organic substance”, which has been developing on the Earth for hundred millions of years. The Federal Law “About Protection of Lake Baikal” has defined the Baikal Region as an area requiring special measures concerning nature protection and nature management in order to preserve the lake’s ecosystem. Scientifically proved ecological regulation, defining of borders of ecological zones on Lake Baikal, modern scientific monitoring of the lake’s water are impossible without thorough studies of all characteristics of this difficult system. The problem connected with the system “Lake Baikal - environment” has not been considered so far. The lack of studies concerning the mechanism of interaction of the lake’s water s and the environment, significance of flows to form the water composition, geological evolution complicates solving a numbers of problems of hydrogeochemistry, geochemistry, geoecology.. The account of physical and chemical characteristics and mechanisms of interaction of the lake’s water with the environment i.e. flows allows understanding mechanisms of formation and transformation of the chemical composition of natural water in various settings and solving concrete engineering and ecological problems, for example, the forecast of migration of polluting components in water of Lake Baikal.

The purpose of our researches is to develop an approach towards studying physical and chemical processes in water of Lake Baikal. To reach this goal we have for the first time:
• studied physical and chemical conditions of water in Lake Baikal and flows, empting in it;
• evaluated the interaction in the megasystem “Lake Baikal – the environment (flows” );
• proposed the geochemical model of multi-reservoir systems "Lake Baikal";
• estimated geochemical stability of five reservoirs of Lake Baikal;
• found a spatial migration of components in water of five reservoirs of the lake;
• made zoning of water of the lake following the conditions of the substance origin and degree of their geochemical stability towards the pollution by chemical, biogenic elements and organic substance;
• evaluated the natural background of systems and flows of multi-reservoir systems "Lake Baikal" in preindustrial period: using a great amount of data we have for the first time calculated the Clarke concentrations and created databases for long-term average concentrations of major, trace and biogenic elements and organic substance (Na +, K +, Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Al, Si, Mn2 +, Feобщ, SO42 - HCO3 - Cl - NO3 - PO43 - H +, O2, As, B, Cr, Cu, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sr, Zn, Co, U, V, Br, Rb, Mo, Corg, Norg, Porg, Sorg, CO2, Ti) in surface, coastal, deep, near-bottom water of five reservoirs of Lake Baikal and the flows empting into and flowing from:: rivers, suspension of rivers, rain+snow, aerosol, underground water, mineral water, inflow of lake water from other reservoirs of the lake, flow from bottom sediments, flow into bottom sediments, drainage of lake water into other reservoirs of the lake and in the Angara river (in %, mg/l, mol/kg, g/year, mol/year);
• calculated water balances of five reservoirs in Lake Baikal and flows, estimated the intensity of water exchange in reservoirs;
• calculated chemical balances of major, trace, biogenic elements and organic substance in five reservoirs of Lake Baikal and flows empting into these reservoirs
• estimated the role of each flow for each of five reservoirs of Lake Baikal;
• made a quantitative estimation of mass flows of underground water in the earth’s crust of catchment basins of five reservoirs of Lake Baikal;
• forecasted behavior of components in reservoirs in case if they are brought with the anthropogenous load;
• proposed the map pf rational location of the network of sites to check the water quality in reservoirs of Lake Baikal.

Note. Abstracts are published in author's edition

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