Abstracts

Forest Ecosystems

Within Ob-Enisey taiga area in latitude 56,5 – 63о North and 77,5 – 92о East the functional-typological and geographic aspects of the ecosystems biodiversity are under consideration. The ecosystems classification is developed, based on matrix of ecotopes, which are determined by soil moisture conditions (hydrotopes) and mineral nutrition (trophotopes). Hydrotopes are ranged according to soil-water average level through warm period course: automorphic, semi-hydromorphic, hydromorphic. Automorphic ecotopes are defined by the greatest tree living-forms edificator abilities. The soil body specificity - is mineral nongleyed profile. Within semi-hydromorphic ecotopes tree edificators demonstrate the taxation parameters be reduced. Soils are characterized by organic-mineral profile. Within hydromorphic ecotopes non-tree living-forms are the edificators. Soil-forming process proceeds in peat accumulating way. Trophotopes are valued through soil aquatic phase pH. Poor ecotopes (located on sand mother rocks) are determined by the dominating of pine-tree species, accompanied by dwarf-shrubs, moss and lichen living-forms. Within enriched ecotopes (placed on loam mother rocks) the phytocoenotic role of dark-coniferous tree species and grass living-forms strengthens. 

Ecosystems, similar by edaphic conditions, soil and plant biota signs, are related to the same classifying type. Although the typology approach we consider to be general, the classification subject contents is of a regional meaning. It demonstrates the ecosystems local diversity and do not take into consideration a zonal role of climate, which transforms the important edaphic regimes functional moment. The transformation is followed by soil and plant subsystems reconstruction. For example: to the North of 59 parallel fir tree species and grass living-forms have the spreading within dry land areas sharply limited. They are replaced here by cedar, taiga-shade grass species and mosses. To the East of 87-90о the forest dwarf-shrubs widen the edaphic areal, moving into comparatively enriched and drainaged ecotopes. Green-moss species – Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. and Polytrichum commune Hedw. settle in loam ecotopes, where they supplant Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) BSG. Sphagnum girgensohnii Russ. which usually dominates in waterlogged dark-coniferous forests, here migrates into valley landscapes. Across the interfluves it is supplanted by Sphagnum angustifolium (Russ.) C.Jens. Within the location at a height more than 350 m above sea level, as well as to the North of 59,5о in latitude, tree living-forms decrease their edificator role. In exchange the dwarf-shrubs, such as arctic birches, Ledum palustre L., Vaccinium uliginosum L. widely spread to dry lands from semi-hydromorphic and hydromorphic ecotopes. The lichen living-forms widen here the edaphic areal as well. They move under dark-coniferous tree species canopy, where they supplant moss living-forms.

The study is supported by Russian Fund for Fundamental Research (grant №00-04-81097Бел2000-а)

Note. Abstracts are published in author's edition

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