Abstracts

Human Genome Diversity

We will describe an analysis of Y-chromosomal lineages in Estonian population compared to northern-European, Scandinavian and western-European populations belonging to Finno-Ugric and Germanic language groups. Using indels, SNPs and microsatellite markers, Y-chromosomal haplogroups were established according to nomenclature proposed by Jobling et al. The frequencies of Y-chromosomal haplogroups of Estonians have greatest similarity to northern-European Finno-Ugric languages speaking populations, namely Finns, Karelians and Saami, who all possess high frequency of haplogroup 16, also called the Tat C allele. This haplogroup is present among different northern-Eurasian populations over the continent. Its western border in northern Europe lies in Scandinavia. Hg 16 shows high frequencies in Finland (60%) and in northern Norway (Finnmark 50%) while in the rest of Scandinavia its frequency is significantly lower (Norway and Sweden 4-6%). In Estonia, its frequency is around 30 – 40%. Tat C allele is virtually absent among western Europeans. Estonians, like other northern-European population have very low frequencies of haplogroups 9 and 21 (YAP), which are characteristic to southern populations. Similarly to Estonians, western-European Germanic languages speaking populations like Germans, Dutch, Danes and Belgians, show the presence of haplogroups 1, 2 and 3. However their frequencies vary considerably in different regions of Europe. The frequency of haplogroup 2 is highest in Scandinavian populations (about 50% in Norwegians and Swedes) decreasing notably in Estonian (15%) and Finnish populations (20%). Haplogroup 1 is the most frequent in western Europe (Germans 45%) gradually decreasing towards eastern (Estonians 13%) and northern directions (Finns, Saami 3%). In contrast, haplogroup 3, predominate in Estonian population (35%), reveals decreasing gradient towards western Europe (Germans 10%).

Note. Abstracts are published in author's edition

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