Abstracts

Genetic Bases of Biodiversity

Moose (Alces alces L.) is a big ungulate animal in ecosystems of Eurasia and America. In order to access intraspecies differentiation, molecular genetic investigation of moose populations from its natural habitat in Eurasia was performed. Nucleotide sequences of 5’ peripheral domain of control region (CR) of mitochondrial genome and alleles of gene MhcAlal-DRB1 from the major histocompatibility complex were studied. The highest diversity of moose CR was detected in the Far East and Yakutia, that allows us to consider this region as probable center of species origin or as a territory, on which gene pool mixture of different types of moose occurred. After phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of CR, they were united in three clusters, which were conditionally called as Asiatic, Amarican and European clusters. Moose CR nucleotide diversity was 5,2, and divergence between the studied CR nucleotide sequences - 0,0117. Corresponding rather high estimates for Yakutian region were 4.6 и 0.0103. The lowest values of nucleotide diversity (1,6) and divergence of CR nucleotide sequences (0,0036) were detected for the cluster, in which all the CR of American type with 75-bp deletion were united. This demonstrates respectively recent origin of CR with 75-bp deletion. CR type with 75-bp deletion was detected in moose of the Far East and Yakutia, and earlier it was observed for A.a. americana in Canada. Moose in Europe and in the Western Siberia carry CR of only European type, that correspond to the geographic distribution of moose with karyotype (2n = 68). In Siberia and the Far East, three moose CR types are observed. In the Far East and Yakutia up to 25% of moose carries genetic markers (CR of mitochondrial genome with 75-bp deletion and Mhc Alal-DRB1*5, *7 and *10), which were earlier described as typical for American moose, that demonstrate genetic relations of moose in North East Asia and America. The time of the species differentiation based on the data of CR polymorphism is 0,075-0,15 My.

Note. Abstracts are published in author's edition

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