Abstracts

Human Genome Diversity

Genetic differentiation of 24 nations of Northern Eurasia by markers of HLA system was studied. Original and literary data on HLA-A и HLA-B gene frequencies in nations inhabiting Siberia and European territory of Russia were analysed. Statistical treatment of data was performed by computer software Biosys, Statistica and Systat The range of variation of mean values of observed level of heterozigosity for two loci was 0,686 - 0,891 with the lowest level of heterozygosity in Chukchi and the highest level in Mordvinians. Respectively low level of heterozygosity was found in Todzhintsy, Eskimos, Lapps and Nganasans. Factor analysis of allelic frequencies of HLA-A and HLA-B (23 alleles) was performed. Factors 1, 2, 3, and 4 include respectively 28, 14, 11 and 8% of total variance. Projections of concrete nations in the space of the studied factors 1 and 2, 1 and 3, 1 and 4 were obtained, that allowed us to consider peculiarities of differentiation and the impact of particular alleles in the observed differentiation. Maximum positive projections to the axe of factor 1 were shown for alleles HLA-A1, -A3, -A10, -A11, -B5, B8, -B18, B22, which are mainly present with respectively high frequencies in populations of Europe. The estimates of Fst for concrete alleles varied from 0,008 (HLA-A2) to 0,099 (HLA-A9) for HLA-A alleles and from 0,010 (HLA-B22) to 0,112 (HLA-B35) – for HLA-B. Groups of alleles typical for nations of Northern-Eastern Siberia and also for the nations of South, central and Western Siberia and of the Urals region. Mean estimates of Fst were obtained for the groups of nations. The highest estimates of Fst were detected in the native nations of Northern-Eastern and central Siberia. The value of the level of genetic differentiation for Finno-Ugric nations (Fst = 0,022) was comparable with the corresponding value for the nations of South Siberia (Fst = 0,020). Respectively high frequences of HLA-A2, -A3, -A9, B7, -B13 and -B35 and for distinct nations, also, of HLA-A10, -A28, -B21, B27 and B40 were observed in Finno-Ugrs. Among Finno-Ugric nations the most prominent peculiarities of Mongoloid gene pool were detected in Mansi, Khanty and Udmurts and peculiarities typical for gene pool of nations in Europe were observed in Mordvinians and Finns. The geographical distribution of frequencies for typical haplotypes (HLA-A9 HLA-B40; HLA-A3 HLA-B7 and HLA-A9 HLA-B7) for definite groups of nations and estimates of linkage disequilibrium for the haplotypes was studied, which, probably, reflects ancient migrations.

Note. Abstracts are published in author's edition

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