Abstracts

Soil Ecosystems

It is known that the biodiversity grows in boundary ecosystems the more, than the adjoining ecosystems are more different. In 2000 year we have made of geobotanical observation of forest-mire boundaries along the south edges of Great Vasyugan Bog (subtaiga) and in Samotlor forest-bog complex (middle taiga) to test the first part of that idea.

On drained subtaiga sites birch and asp herbaceous forests develop. They form a wide belts along the rivers. Watersheds are filled by different types of mires, main type of which is the pine dwarf shrubs sphagnum bog (rjam). South edges of Great Vasyugan Bog were formed by two main types of vegetation community series. The first series is a sequence of forest types: rjam, pine sphagnum forest, birch shrubs sedge forest and zonal birch and asp herbaceous forests. The second type of series dispersed some southern. It is a sequence of forest and open swamp communities: rjam, birch and pine forest on peat, sedge and reed marsh, bushes with grass and sedge and zonal forests. In middle taiga region zonal communities are formed mainly by Siberian pine and spruce accompanied with scotch pine, fir and birch. Main type of watershed communities is the same as in subtaiga: pine dwarf shrubs sphagnum bog (rjam). As above here boundary series ecosystems form two types. One of them is a forest type series, which are sequence of transitional forest communities from rjam to zonal Siberian pine green-mosses forest. The second type includes one belt of open mire between paludificated forests and rjam, which is analogue to sedge marsh on south. In the boundary communities and in forest and mire communities in sum 239 plant species was registered in subtaiga and 78 – in middle taiga. In subtaiga zone about 25% of them where found exclusively in boundary communities, at the same time exclusively forest species (17%) and exclusively mire species (15%) was visible less. In middle taiga about 56% of species was found exclusively in boundary communities and only 4% and 1.5% in forest and mire communities respectively. The diversity of types of boundary ecosystems is also more then diversity of zonal and mire types. The heterogeneity of boundary communities set may be rough estimated as ratio of total numbers of species in set of reléves to middle number of species in one reléves in set. In subtaiga zone that ratio is 2.8 and 6.1 in forests and mires and 7.1 in boundary communities sets. In middle taiga zone that ratio is about 1.3 in forests and mires and 4.2 in boundary communities sets. In respect that the area of boundary ecosystems is much less then the area of zonal and mire communities in boundary belts we have also a high spatial diversity.

Thus, in boundary ecosystems between forests and mires the species diversity, ecosystem diversity and spatial diversity are more then in zonal and mire ecosystems. That phenomenon may be explained at least by unstable hydrological regime and increasing of nutrient concentration on periphery both forests and mires. That research was performed with support of INTAS-99-01718 project and integration projects SB RAS N 73 and N 66.

Note. Abstracts are published in author's edition

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