Тезисы докладов

Генетические основы биоразнообразия

The phenogenetical study of natural populations was to allowed to slightly lift the veil above mechanisms of microevolution. The analysis of base phenes can establish similarity and relationship between different populations and different groups of populations inside a species. To reveal the factors stimulating variability alive organizms, and to trace influence of these factors on a genotype and phenotype of investigated speices.

The species of Drosophila represent significant interest for realization of similar researches. On the one hand: this promotes good studing of a speicies becoming model for many genetic and populational researches - Drosophila melanogaster. The detailed description of genom, large mutations collection and high sensitivity to influence of the factors of an environment was allowed to use this species as study modes of the factors of morphogenesis of the given region. On the other hand: other species of this kind as synanthropic and the wood and deserted species was allowed essentially to expand a spectrum of effects has known for us as the interaction of system “organism – environment”. And some data on mechanisms of variability Drosophila melanogaster can be safely extrapolate on other species of this kind.

We were studied fruit patch Drosophila was taken from Almaty natural populations. Drosophila were catch by entomological traps. The part of a material was fixed and was looked through with the help binocular magnifier for revealing morphosis. Females were having phenotipical feature seated apart on izofemales’s stocks.. The recurrence morpos in the second generation allowed to make a conclusion that in this case we deal inherited mutaion. Inbriding during six - seven generations allowed to receive steady pure(clean) lines having mutant an attribute. In total was analysed 1,5 thousand spacimens.

During researches was established that in territory of Almaty live four species. It is the widely widespread species Sophophora - Drosophila melanogaster, andd Drosophila three spiices from group Immigrans - Drosophila immigrans, from group Repleta - Drosophila mercatorum and Drosophila hydei. In investigated ekosistem than 0.1 % Drosophila hydei.

In a population Drosophila melanogaster were founded out the whole spectrum of morphosis were connected to change of abdomen and wings. Approximately 8 % from analysed fruit panch had phene was expressing in infringement of a abdomel structure and symmetry and in 54 % of cases this attribute was shown in F2, that has allowed to connect it with mutation “Abnormal abdomen”.

Prolonged inbreeding has allowed to allocate some ressesive mutations were connected with change of eye colouring at Drosophila.

At the present stage of researches conducts definition of groups of coupling received mutations and creation of stocks.

Примечание. Тезисы докладов публикуются в авторской редакции

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